Running Batch Jobs

To launch a DNAnexus application or workflow on many files automatically, one may write a short script to loop over the desired files in a project and launch jobs or analyses. Alternatively, the DNAnexus SDK provides a few handy utilities for batch processing. To use the GUI to run in batch mode, see these instructions.

Overview

In this tutorial, you batch process a series of sample FASTQ files (forward and reverse reads). Use the dx generate_batch_inputs command to generate a batch file -- a tab-delimited (TSV) file where each row corresponds to a single run in the batch. Then you process the batch using the dx run command with the --batch-tsv options.

Generate Batch File

The project My Research Project contains the following files in the project's root directory:

$ dx select "My Research Project"
Selected project My Research Project
$ dx ls /
RP10B_S1_R1_001.fastq.gz
RP10B_S1_R2_001.fastq.gz
RP10T_S5_R1_001.fastq.gz
RP10T_S5_R2_001.fastq.gz
RP15B_S4_R1_002.fastq.gz
RP15B_S4_R2_002.fastq.gz
RP15T_S8_R1_002.fastq.gz
RP15T_S8_R2_002.fastq.gz

Batch process these read pairs using BWA-MEM (link requires platform login). For a single execution of the BWA-MEM app, specify the following inputs:

• reads_fastqgzs - FASTQ containing the left mates

• reads2_fastqgzs - FASTQ containing the right mates

• genomeindex_targz - BWA reference genome index

The BWA reference genome index from the public Reference Genome (requires platform login) project is used for all runs. However, for the forward and reverse reads, the read pairs used vary from run to run. To generate a batch file that pairs the input reads:

$ dx generate_batch_inputs \
    -i reads_fastqgzs='RP(.*)_R1_(.*).fastq.gz' \
    -i reads2_fastqgzs='RP(.*)_R2_(.*).fastq.gz'
Found 4 valid batch IDs matching desired pattern.
Created batch file dx_batch.0000.tsv

CREATED 1 batch files each with at most 500 batch IDs.

You can optionally provide a --path argument and provide a specific file and folder to search for recursively within your project. Specifically, the value for --path must be a directory specified as:

/path/to/directory or project-xxxx:/path/to/directory

Any file present within this directory or recursively within any subdirectory of this directory is considered a candidate for a batch run.

The (.*) are regular expression groups. You can provide arbitrary regular expressions as input. The first match in the group is the pattern used to group pairs in the batch. These matches are called batch identifiers (batch IDs). To explain this behavior in more detail, consider the output of the dx generate_batch_inputs command above:

The dx generate_batch_inputs command creates the dx_batch.0000.tsv that looks like:

$ cat dx_batch.0000.tsv
batch ID  reads_fastqgzs              reads2_fastqgzs              pair1 ID    pair2 ID
10B_S1    RP10B_S1_R1_001.fastq.gz    RP10B_S1_R2_001.fastq.gz     file-aaa    file-bbb
10T_S5    RP10T_S5_R1_001.fastq.gz    RP10T_S5_R2_001.fastq.gz     file-ccc    file-ddd
15B_S4    RP15B_S4_R1_002.fastq.gz    RP15B_S4_R2_002.fastq.gz     file-eee    file-fff
15T_S8    RP15T_S8_R1_002.fastq.gz    RP15T_S8_R2_002.fastq.gz     file-ggg    file-hhh

Recall the regular expression was RP(.*)_R1_(.*).fastq.gz. Although there are two grouped matches in this example, only the first one is used as the pattern for the batch ID. For example, the pattern identified for RP10B_S1_R1_001.fastq.gz is 10B_S1 which corresponds to the first grouped match while the second one is ignored.

Examining the TSV file above, the files are grouped as expected, with the first match labeling the identifier of the group within the batch. The next two columns show the file names. The last two columns contain the IDs of the files on the DNAnexus Platform. You can either edit this file directly or import it into a spreadsheet to make any subsequent changes.

If an input for the app is an array, the input file IDs within the batch.tsv file need to be in square brackets to work. The following bash command adds brackets to the file IDs in column 4 and 5. You may need to change the variables in the command ($4 and $5) to match the correct columns in your file. The command's output file, "new.tsv", is ready for the dx run --batch-tsv command.

head -n 1 dx_batch.0000.tsv > temp.tsv && \
tail -n +2 dx_batch.0000.tsv | \
awk '{sub($4, "[&]"); print}' | \
awk '{sub($5, "[&]"); print}' >> temp.tsv && \
tr -d '\r' < temp.tsv > new.tsv && \
rm temp.tsv

The example above is for a case where all files have been paired properly. dx generate_batch_inputs creates a TSV for all files that can be successfully matched for a particular batch ID. Two classes of errors may occur for batch IDs that are not successfully matched:

• A particular input is missing. This could occur when reads_fastqgzs has a pattern but no corresponding match can be found for reads2_fastqgzs.

• More than one file ID matches the exact same name.

For both of these cases, dx generate_batch_inputs returns a description of these errors to STDERR.

When matching more than 500 files, multiple batch files are generated in groups of 500 to limit the number of jobs in a single batch run.

Run a Batch Job

With the batch file prepared, you can execute the BWA-MEM batch process:

dx run bwa_mem_fastq_read_mapper \
  -igenomeindex_targz="Reference Genome Files":\
"/H. Sapiens - GRCh38/GRCh38.no_alt_analysis_set.bwa-index.tar.gz" \
  --batch-tsv dx_batch.0000.tsv

Here, genomeindex_targz is a parameter set at execution time that is common to all groups in the batch and --batch-tsv corresponds to the input file generated above.

To monitor a batch job, use the 'Monitor' tab like you normally would for jobs you launch.

Setting Output Folders for Batch Jobs

To direct the output of each run into a separate folder, the --batch-folders flag can be used, for example:

dx run bwa_mem_fastq_read_mapper \
  -igenomeindex_targz="project-BQpp3Y804Y0xbyG4GJPQ01xv:\
file-BFBy4G805pXZKqV1ZVGQ0FG8" \
  --batch-tsv dx_batch.0000.tsv \
  --batch-folders

This command outputs the results for each sample in folders named after batch IDs, such as /10B_S1/, /10T_S5/, /15B_S4/, and /15T_S8/. If the folders do not exist, they are created.

The output folders are created under a path defined with --destination, which by default is set to the current project and the "/" folder. For example, this command outputs the result files in /run_01/10B_S1/, /run_01/10T_S5/, and other sample-specific folders:

dx run bwa_mem_fastq_read_mapper \
  -igenomeindex_targz="project-BQpp3Y804Y0xbyG4GJPQ01xv:\
file-BFBy4G805pXZKqV1ZVGQ0FG8" \
  --batch-tsv dx_batch.0000.tsv \
  --batch-folders \
  --destination=My_project:/run_01

Batching Multiple Inputs

The dx generate_batch_inputs command works well for batch processing with file inputs, but it has limitations. If you need to vary other input types (like strings, numbers, or file arrays), or want to customize run properties like job names, a for loop provides more flexibility.

Here's an example of using a loop to launch multiple jobs with different inputs:

for i in 1 2; do
    dx run swiss-army-knife -icmd="wc *>${i}.out" -iin="fileinput_batch${i}a" -iin="file_input_batch${i}b" --name "sak_batch${i}"
done

You can also use the dx run command to use stage_id . For example, if you create a workflow called "Trio Exome Workflow - Jan 1st 2020 9:00am" in your project, you can run it from the command line:

dx login
dx run "Trio Exome Workflow - Jan 1st 2020 9\:00am"

The \ character is needed to escape the : in the workflow name.

Inputs to the workflow can be specified using dx run <workflow> --input name=stage_id:value, where stage_id is a numeric ID starting at 0. More help can be found by running the commands dx run --help and dx run <workflow> --help.

To batch multiple inputs then, do the following:

dx cd /path/to/inputs
for i in $(dx ls); do
    dx run "Trio Exome Workflow - Jan 1st 2020 9\:00am" --input 0.reads="$i"
done

Additional Resources

For additional information and examples of how to run batch jobs, Chapter 6 of this reference guide may be useful. This material is not a part of the official DNAnexus documentation and is for reference only.